.  \"ident	"@(#)cls4:man/CC.1	1.6"
.  \"/**********************************************************************
.  \"
.  \"C++ source for the C++ Language System, Release 3.0.  This product
.  \"is a new release of the original cfront developed in the computer
.  \"science research center of AT&T Bell Laboratories.
.  \"
.  \"Copyright (c) 1993  UNIX System Laboratories, Inc.
.  \"Copyright (c) 1991, 1992 AT&T and UNIX System Laboratories, Inc.
.  \"Copyright (c) 1984, 1989, 1990 AT&T.  All Rights Reserved.
.  \"
.  \"THIS IS UNPUBLISHED PROPRIETARY SOURCE CODE of AT&T and UNIX System
.  \"Laboratories, Inc.  The copyright notice above does not evidence
.  \"any actual or intended publication of such source code.
.  \"
.  \"***********************************************************************/
.nr X
.if \nX=0 .ds x} CC 1C++ "" "\&"
.if \nX=1 .ds x} CC 1C++ ""
.if \nX=2 .ds x} CC 1C++ "" "\&"
.if \nX=3 .ds x} CC "" "" "\&"
.TH \*(x}
.tr ~
.SH NAME
CC \- C++ translator (``cfront'')
.SH SYNOPSIS
\f(CWCC [ \fIoptions\fP ] \fIfile\fP ...
.SH DESCRIPTION
\f(CWCC\f1
is the C++ compiler.
The command uses
\f(CWcpp(1)\f1
for preprocessing,
\f(CWcfront\fP
for syntax and type checking, and
\f(CWcc(1)\f1
for code generation.
.PP
\f(CWCC\f1
takes arguments ending in \f(CW.c\fR, \f(CW.C\fR or \f(CW.i\fR
to be C++ source files.  \f(CW.i\fR 
files are presumed to be the output of 
\f(CWcpp(1)\f1.
Both \f(CW.s\fR and \f(CW.o\fR
files are also accepted by the 
\f3CC\f1
command and passed to
\f(CWcc(1)\f1.
.PP
For each C++ source file,
\f(CWCC\f1
creates a temporary file, \fIfile\f(CW.c\f1, in 
\f(CW/usr/tmp\fR,
containing the generated C file for compilation with 
\f(CWcc(1)\f1.
The \f(CW-F\f1~\-\fI.suffix\fP option saves a copy of this file
in the current directory with the name \fIfile.suffix\fP.
The \f(CW+i\fP option saves a copy of the generated C 
code (minus \f(CW#line\fP directives)
in the current directory with the name \fIfile\f(CW..c\f1.
.PP
In addition to the options described below,
\f(CWCC\f1
accepts other options and passes them on to the C compilation system tools.
See \f(CWcpp\f1(1) for preprocessor options,
\f(CWcc\f1(1) for C compiler options,
\f(CWld\f1(1) for link editor options, and
\f(CWas\f1(1) for assembler options.
.PP
The following options apply to the C++-specific parts of the 
compilation process:
.TP 10
\f(CW\-ec \fIxxx\fR
Escape option to pass options to the C compiler.
For example:
.RS
\f(CWCC -ec xxx -ec yyy\fR ...
.br
will pass "xxx yyy" to the C compiler.
.RE
.TP
\f(CW\-el \fIxxx\fR
Escape option to pass options to the linker.
.TP
\f(CW\-gdem\fR
Unmangle struct member and local variable names except where
ambiguous.
.TP
\f(CW\-gdump\fR
Dump out structs in C output even if not used.  This feature
is no longer automatically enabled by \f(CW\-g\fR.  \f(CW\-gdump\fR imposes a
performance penalty.
.TP
\f(CW-ispace\fR
Decrease inline cutoff (less inlining will be done).  This
will in general decrease program speed but make the program smaller.
Inlining of very small inline functions will continue to be done.
.TP
\f(CW-ispeed\fR
Increase inline cutoff (more inlining will be done).  This
will in general increase program speed at the expense of increased
space.
.TP
\f(CW\-E\fR
Run only
\f(CWcpp(1)\f1
on the C++ source
files and send the result to standard output.
.TP
\f(CW\-F\fR
Run only
\f(CWcpp(1)\f1
and
\f(CWcfront\f1
on the C++ source
files, and send the result to standard output.
The output contains \f(CW#line\fP directives.
.TP
\f(CW\-.\fP\fIsuffix\fP
When used in combination with
\f(CW\-E\fR
or
\f(CW\-F\fR,
place the output from each input file in a file with the specified suffix
in the current directory.
.TP
+\f(CWa\fP[\f(CW01\fP]
The C++ compiler can generate either ANSI C-conforming or K&R C-style declarations.
The \f(CW+a\fP option specifies which style of declarations to produce.
The default, \f(CW+a0\fP, causes the compiler to produce K&R C-style declarations.
The \f(CW+a1\fP option causes the compiler to produce ANSI C-conforming declarations.
.TP
+\f(CWd\f1
Do not inline-expand functions declared inline.
.TP
+\f(CWe\fP[\f(CW01\fP]
Only to be used on classes for which virtual functions
are present, and all the virtual functions are defined either
as inline or pure.  In this circumstance, this
option optimizes a program to use less space by ensuring
that only one virtual table per class is generated.
+\f(CWe1\fP causes virtual tables to be external and
defined.  +\f(CWe0\fP causes virtual tables to be external but
only declared.  This option is ignored for any class
that contains an out-of-line virtual function.
.TP
\f(CW+i\f1
Leave the intermediate \f(CW..c\f1 files in the current directory
during the compilation process.
These files do not contain any preprocessing directives,
although the files passed to the C compiler do. When templates are
used,
it causes the instantiation system to leave \&\f(CW..c\fR files in the
repository.
.TP
+\f(CWp\fP
Disallow all anachronistic constructs.
Ordinarily the translator warns about anachronistic constructs;
under \f(CW+p\fP (for ``pure''), the translator will not compile
code containing anachronistic constructs.
See the \fIC++ Language System Product Reference Manual\fP
for a list of anachronisms.
.TP
+\f(CWw\fP
Warn about constructs that are likely to be mistakes,
be nonportable, or be inefficient.
Without the \f(CW+w\fP option,
the compiler issues warnings only about
constructs that are almost certainly errors.
.TP
+\f(CWx\fP\fIfile\fP
Read a file of size and alignments created by compiling and 
executing \f(CWszal.c\f1.
The form of the created file is identical to the entries in
\f(CWsize.h\f1.
This option is useful for cross compilations and for porting the translator.
See the \fIC++ Language System Release Release Notes\fP for
more information.
.PP
The template instantiation system adds several options to
\&\f(CWCC\fR.
These are specified on the \&\f(CWCC\fR line or by setting the
environment variable \&\f(CWPTOPTS\fR.
For example, to permanently enable verbose mode, you would say:
.RS
\&\f(CWexport PTOPTS=-ptv \fR(for SysV)\fP
.br
setenv PTOPTS -ptv\fR (for BSD)
.RE
.TP 10
\f(CW\-pta\fP
Instantiate a whole template class rather than
only those members that are needed.
.TP
\f(CW\-ptd\fIpathname\fR
Dump list of instantiation objects to a file if any
were recompiled or the file does not exist.
Also bypasses actual link
step.
Can be used with \f(CW-pti\fR in
makefiles of the form:
.RS
.nf 
\f(CWappl:		appl.o ilist
		CC -pti -o appl `cat ilist` appl.o
 
appl.o:	appl.c Vector.h A.h C.h
		CC -c appl.c
 
ilist:	always
		CC -ptdilist appl.o
 
always:
.fi
.RE
.TP
\f(CW\-pth\fR
Force repository names to be less than 14 characters even if the OS
supports long names.  This is useful in building archive libraries.
.TP
\f(CW\-pti\fR
Ignore ptlink pass.
.TP
\f(CW-ptk\fR
Force ptlink to continue trying to instantiate even after
instantiation errors on previous template classes.
.TP
\f(CW\-ptm\fIpathname\fR
Have ptlink dump out a "link map" showing what actions
the link simulator took.
.TP
\f(CW\-ptn\fP
Change the default instantiation
behavior for one-file programs to that of larger programs,
where instantiation is broken out separately and the repository updated.
One-file programs normally have instantiation optimized so that
instantiation is done into the application object itself.
.TP
\f(CW\-ptr\fR\fIpathname\fR
Specify a repository,
with \&\f(CW./ptrepository\fR the default.
If several repositories are given, only the first is writeable, and
the default repository is ignored unless explicitly named.
.TP
\f(CW\-pts\fP
Split instantiations into separate object
files, with one function per object (including overloaded functions),
and all class static data and
virtual functions grouped into a single object.\*F
.TP
\f(CW\-ptv\fR
Turn on verbose or verify mode, which displays each
phase of instantiation as it occurs, together with the elapsed time in
seconds that phase took to complete.
Use of this option is recommended if you are new to templates.
With verbose mode, the reason why an instantiation is done and the
exact \&\f(CWCC\fR command used are displayed.
.PP
In release 3.0, \f(CW-pts\fR and \f(CW-pta\fR cannot be used together,
that is, \&\f(CW-pts\fR can be used only to split up \fIneeded\fR
functions rather than \fIall\fR functions.
.PP
The preprocessor directives \f(CW-I\fR and \f(CW-D\fR work as they
normally do, but must also be specified at link time, to pick up the
various template and application type header files.
.SH ENVIRONMENT
The following are some of the user-settable environment variables:
.PD 0
.de TT
.if t \{ .TP 35 \}
.if n \{ .TP 25 \}
..
.TT
\f(CWccC\f1
C compiler (default: \f(CWcc\f1)
.TP
\f(CWcfrontC\f1
cfront (default: \fICCROOTDIR\f(CW/cfront\f1)
.TP
\f(CWcppC\f1
C preprocessor (default: \f(CW/lib/cpp\f1)
.PD
.SH FILES
.PD 0
.TT
\fIfile\f(CW.[Cc]\f1
C++ source file
.TP
\fIfile\f(CW..c\f1
optional cfront output
.TP
\fIfile\f(CW.i\f1
C++ source after preprocessing
.TP
\fIfile\f(CW.s\f1
assembly language file
.TP
\fIfile\f(CW.o\f1
object file
.TP
\f(CWa.out\f1
linked output
.TP
\f(CW/lib/cpp\f1
C preprocessor (see \f(CWcpp\fP(1))
.TP
\f(CW/bin/cc\f1
C compiler
.TP
\f(CW/lib/libc.a\f1
standard C library
.TP
\fICCROOTDIR\f(CW/CC\f1
C++ driver shell script
.TP
\fICCROOTDIR\f(CW/cfront\f1
C++-to-C translator
.TP
\fICCROOTDIR\f(CW/patch\f1 or \f(CWmunch\f1
post-link editor
.TP
\fICCROOTDIR\f(CW/c++filt\f1
name demangler for diagnostic messages
.TP
\fICCROOTDIR\f(CW/ptcomp\fR and \f(CWptlink\fR
enable template instantiation
.TP
\fICCLIBDIR\f(CW/libC.a\f1
C++ standard library
.TP
\fICCLIBDIR\f(CW/libtask.a\f1
C++ coroutine library
.TP
\fICCLIBDIR\f(CW/libcomplex.a\f1
C++ complex arithmetic library
.TP
\fII\f1
colon-separated list of standard 
directories for \f(CW#include\f1 files
.sp
.PP
The usual locations for the standard directories are as follows:
.TT
\fICCROOTDIR\f1
\f(CW/usr/bin\f1
.TP
\fICCLIBDIR\f1
\f(CW/usr/lib\f1
.TP
\fII\f1
\f(CW/usr/include/CC\f1
.PD
.SH "SEE ALSO"
\f(CWcpp(1)\f1, 
\f(CWcc(1)\f1, 
\f(CWas(1)\f1,
\f(CWld(1)\f1.
.br
Stan Lippman.
.I C++ Primer, Second Edition
Addison-Wesley 1991.
.br
B. W. Kernighan and D. M. Ritchie.
.I The C Programming Language,
Prentice-Hall 1988.
.br
Bjarne Stroustrup.
.I The C++ Programming Language, Second Edition
Addison-Wesley, 1991.
.SH DIAGNOSTICS
The diagnostics produced by
\f(CWCC\f1
itself are intended to be
self-explanatory.
Occasional messages may be produced by the assembler or link editor.